Tag: research

Reviving the Magic of Muhly Grass Meadows

Posted on | by Matthew Humphrey

by Joseph Colbert, JIA Wildlife Biologist & Yank Moore, JIA Director of Conservation

Picture this: a rare and enchanting habitat, teeming with vibrant wildlife, where lush grasses sway in the coastal breeze. It’s a place where painted buntings, butterflies, and native small mammals frolic amidst the tufts of Sweetgrass, also known as Muhlenbergia sericea, an exclusive coastal inhabitant, which has been a lifeline for numerous coastal species. Welcome to the world of Muhly grass meadows – a world the Jekyll Island Authority is determined to rescue and revive on Jekyll Island!

These magnificent muhly grass meadows are more than just a picturesque landscape. They are a vanishing wonder, threatened by coastal flooding and human-caused interruptions in the delicate coastal sand-sharing system. These stunning habitats, typically found nestled in the dunes of Georgia’s youngest coastal land, are disappearing before our very eyes. Dammed rivers, dredging, and the removal of sand usually deposited on barrier islands have disrupted the natural balance. As a result, what’s left are smaller and more vulnerable patches of these meadows. Currently on Jekyll Island, this natural treasure now covers less than an acre, only located in areas frequently inundated by marsh flooding.

But here is where the magic begins. The JIA’s conservation team is actively embarking on a mission to rescue and restore this imperiled habitat before it vanishes entirely from this beloved Island. Muhly Grass habitats boast incredibly high wildlife diversity. These critters, in turn, support a host of predators, from magnificent birds to slithering snakes and stealthy bobcats.

Sweetgrass, another name for this lush and vibrant vegetation, holds cultural significance, serving as essential components in the creation of sweetgrass baskets by Gullah Geechee communities. Partnering with Georgia Audubon, teams have taken successful strides by planting Muhly grass along Beachview Drive, flanking both sides of Oceanview Beach Park. These endeavors have provided invaluable experience and confidence in ongoing restoration techniques.

But the journey has just begun! Next, attention has turned to the vicinity of Camp Jekyll’s boardwalk, a promising location with higher ground that can protect the habitat from inundation. Even more exciting, it is accretional, meaning there is growth with each passing day through sand deposition – a beacon of hope for the future of these unique grasslands.

The Jekyll Island Authority and Foundation are now calling upon you, our passionate supporters, to join this crucial venture to rescue and restore Jekyll’s native Muhly grass meadows. Imagine the impact that can be made when bringing forgotten, Georgia barrier island landscapes back to life, creating diverse habitats that support rare, threatened, or keystone species.

JIA conservation staff have set their sights on a total area of 30 acres with restoration potential. To achieve this dream, JIF needs your financial support. Your generosity will enable the gradual planting of 5,800 Muhly grass plugs per acre, ensuring the revitalization of this precious habitat.

But that’s not all! This project also paves the way for informational signage and educational programming, thanks to its close proximity to Camp Jekyll. This mission goes beyond restoration; it extends to educating the public about imperiled habitats and the incredible wildlife they shelter.

Together, let us write a new chapter in the conservation history of Jekyll Island, where the magic of Muhly grass meadows blooms once more, and the vibrant wildlife that calls it home thrives for generations to come.

Will you partner to help bring this ecological adventure and make Jekyll Island a beacon of hope for nature’s wonders? Don’t miss your chance to be part of this incredible journey – the future of Jekyll Island’s unique ecosystem depends on it.

To contribute to the restoration of muhly grass on Jekyll Island, click HERE.

The Man Who Inspired Monopoly

Posted on | by Matthew Humphrey

By Patrick Carmody, JIA Museum Educator

When Jekyll Island was still an exclusive Club for the wealthy and powerful, there were two members of the club that had the strength of character to stand out from the crowd, and those members were J.P. Morgan Sr. and J.P. Morgan Jr. Both men were titans of industry, with J.P. Senior, or Pierpont as he went by in conversation, expanding his father’s banking house in London and the US to become a corporate financial empire. J.P. Junior, or Jack as he preferred to be called, took what his family had built and made the Morgan family’s finances and influence into a global enterprise. Under the guidance of the Morgans, US Steel was formed, the General Electric Company was brought to life, and the bank now known as JPMorgan Chase & Co became a financial powerhouse.

Both men were massively influential on the course of American history with Pierpont playing a part in the foundation of the Federal Reserve, and Jack having privately contributed more money and material to the Allied powers in World War 1 than anybody else. Both men wielded a significant amount of influence financially and socially, with Pierpont in 1895 single handedly saving the gold standard by controlling the flow of gold into and out of the United States.

With these titans of power utilizing Jekyll Island as a resort for their winter vacations, Mosaic now offers a spotlight on the pair. The museum’s newest rotating lobby exhibit displays multiple interesting pieces including a model of the Corsair IV, one of the biggest yachts built in the United States, life-sized models of Pierpont and Jack, and a giant-sized Jekyll-inspired monopoly board with accompanying pieces including Mr. Monopoly himself!

Jack Morgan was the basis in design for Uncle Pennibags, the “Monopoly Man” as most know him. Visitors will find a fun twist on the game when they step inside Mosaic, as the game board shows off various locations of Jekyll Island including Horton House, Moss Cottage, Beach Village, and many more recognizable landmarks! Now through December, visitors can EXPLORE the fascinating lives of both J.P.’s, ROLL THE DICE on a new historic tour, or take a CHANCE learning something new. And be sure to COLLECT a souvenir from the gift shop!

The Jekyll Island Foundation is proud to support preservation initiatives like Mosaic, Jekyll Island Museum, so history can be brought back to life. Learn about ways you too can support historic preservation HERE!

Meet Our Donor: Caryl Rice

Posted on | by Matthew Humphrey

Caryl Rice isn’t claiming her story of how or even why she now finds herself on Jekyll Island as unique. In fact, she isn’t entirely clear what brought her here to become a full-time resident, other than the obvious: proximity to the ocean and beaches, the dazzling sights of sunrises and sunsets, the aged oaks and cool seasonal breezes, the annual calendar of activities, plus the hidden gems she has specifically found for herself hidden among the island’s unique geographical location and unrivaled place in American history.

All that, and the fact her brother was an avid golfer, came together in the mid 70s as the fates aligned, to make sure Rice knew the Jekyll gem existed.

On second thought, she said, those reasons do bond nicely to form a solid case for why Jekyll Island was, first a family getaway, and now, has become a stand-out in her seasoned life as a very attractive place to lay warmer roots.

My late Husband, Ted, and I stopped on Jekyll in the mid 80’s on the way to Florida, and it was as if everything aligned, being in the right place, at the right time,” she said. They purchased their first Jekyll home at what is now Villas by the Sea when they first were offered for sale as condominiums.

The Rice’s rented their condo to vacationers for 11 years and then decided to find a permanent future retirement home, which they did in the mid 90s.  They continued to rent their “new” Jekyll house until 2010 when they remodeled and made the house into a home.  After years of traveling back and forth to the Island from Ohio, Rice and her husband made a permanent move. It didn’t take long to become part of the Jekyll community.  Ted never knew a stranger and became active in the Jekyll Island Citizens Association and Rotary.  Caryl focused her attention on the Jekyll Island Arts Association, the Jekyll Island Ladies League, and the Great Dunes 9-hole ladies golf league. As a couple, they were members of the Sand Dollar Club, the Jekyll Singers, and the Jekyll Presbyterian Community Church.

Now decades later, Jekyll Island is not merely a beautiful escape from the less-than-pleasant winters in her native home up north, but has become one big neighborhood, where full- and part-time residents keep an eye out for one another to ensure their well-being.

Especially this year, Rice has truly appreciated the kindness of island friends.  It was with the passing of her husband that she received a constant flow of love and positive energy from so many dear friends, “in a way you would be hard pressed to find anywhere else,” she said.

Rice does have an eye for beauty, and she creates artwork which often reflect this inner glow she has about her. In a technique which may or may not have a specific label, she creates unique works of art which involve fabrics, thread, and a bit of paint.

The Jekyll Island Art Association classification for her work is “fiber arts,” but, it’s not a fully encompassing title for the art Rice is learning to master. As tricky as crafting her pieces may be, and then explaining what it is and how it was made, Rice’s pieces are fascinating.

Simple or complicated, the words to describe won’t be needed later this year, when Rice offers pieces of her works for viewing on the walls at the Jekyll Island Art Association, housed in Goodyear Cottage.

“I rarely show my work to people, especially not in this wide of a forum,” she said. “I have worked on pieces for this show from the summer of 2022 and will still be working on more through October.  I don’t want to say I have worked frantically to create pieces for show, but I will say plenty of time went into creating unique pieces that aren’t seen in many other places.”

When not on the golf course or working on her artwork, Rice can often be found tucked away in some of the more secret spots on the Island. These are places lesser known to guests who meander through the historical timelines of the Jekyll Island Club Resort (formerly Hotel), opt for seeing the Georgia Sea Turtle Center, or taking their bicycles to the tabby walkways for the seemingly never-ending bike path around the state-owned Island.

While Rice may be a bit shy about showing her personal art works to the public, she is more than happy to share the loveliness of the Island with fellow appreciators of the arts. She volunteers regularly with the Jekyll Island Art Association and loves to share the Island with her son and his family when they come to visit.

She knew right from the moment she and her late husband stepped onto Jekyll; this place was calling her home. And since moving here full-time, that magic feeling of home is the same as what so many of the Island’s long-held dwellers and new residents feel.  The Rice’s love of Jekyll Island is what led them to donate to the Jekyll Island Foundation.  It continues to be Caryl’s way to support the many Foundation projects that help the Jekyll Island Authority keep the island vibrant and that add to the wonderful story of Jekyll.

“There is something so special about this Island,” she said. “It’s the unique place in where it is situated in the world.”

And as for those secret hiding places she likes to tromp off to when she has a moment or afternoon to spare? Well, everyone will have to find their own special Jekyll hiding spot, because she isn’t willing to reveal her tucked-away place of serenity among the Island’s 5,500+ acres and 10 miles of shoreline.

Guardians of the Night – Dark Spaces, Bright Secrets

Posted on | by Matthew Humphrey

Yank Moore, JIA Director of Conservation & Joseph Colbert CWB®, JIA Wildlife Biologist

Chimney swifts and bats are two amazing creatures that share a love for dark spaces. They are both nocturnal creatures, active at night feeding on all the pesky biting insects, like mosquitos and gnats, that try to spoil every tourist’s perfect vacation. During the day they prefer to hide in dark spaces like tree cavities, but significant reductions in standing dead trees have forced these swifts to search for other sources of shelter and refuge. As a result, it’s not uncommon for chimney swifts to take up residence in man-made structures that they can access readily, such as chimneys. Bats have likewise lost many of their roosting trees to residential and commercial development over time, and natural forces such as storms. Subsequently, bats have also been known to inhabit man-made structures including attics, for refuge. Since adapting to these developmental changes, chimney swifts and bats are also losing access to these sources of shelter as homeowners seal off entry points or, in the case of chimneys in the south, no longer construct them at all.

In partnership with JIAs Conservation team, the Jekyll Island Foundation is looking to help these two species and mitigate any disappearing shelter by building houses – aptly known as bat boxes and chimney swift towers – just for them. Bat boxes and chimney swift towers provide a safe place for these creatures to live, thereby reducing their need to find other refuge and directing these animals away from residential houses. Bat boxes are small, wooden, elevated boxes that provide bats with a safe place to roost. By plugging any holes or other access points in an attic after they all leave to forage at night, they are forced to find an alternative home. A nearby bat box, if set up correctly, will lure bats away from homeowner attics. Ideally, a bat box should be small, about 16ft off the ground on a pole, and in the open sun without trees surrounding to ensure that their echolocation abilities won’t be impacted. Like bat boxes, Chimney swift towers are also wooden boxes, but they are designed to resemble the structure of a chimney and offer a source of refuge, as well as a good nesting location.

Conservation team members have captured swifts and tricolored bats in Indian Mound Cottage, Sans Souci, and Moss Cottage, usually in the dining rooms where the dining China and fragile decor are on display. Swinging nets around priceless collections is risky, but protecting both the animals and the houses is a necessity. By building Chimney Swift towers and bat boxes, chimneys and attic accesses can then be closed off to provide these animals safe alternatives for refuge and nesting.

To contribute to the ecological enhancement of wildlife diversity and support the construction and installation of new chimney swifts’ towers and bats boxes on Jekyll Island, click HERE.

Meet Our Board: Thomas S. Lines

Posted on | by Matthew Humphrey

In Georgia—where ancestral lineage often runs as deep as the roots of the state’s prized southern live oaks—Tom Lines can trace his Golden Isles branches back to a seedling.

“My family has been in Glynn County since coming over (from England) with James Oglethorpe (founder of the colony of Georgia when it was British America) as a foot soldier,” said Tom.

Generations later, Atlanta-born Tom enjoys exploring the same territory as his distant relatives.

“Our family has had a house on St. Simons Island since the 1950s, but Jekyll Island has always been my favorite place to visit,” he said. “I can remember going to Jekyll with my grandmother to picnic and go fishing. And I was on Island the first day the Aquarama (the former indoor pool that operated for three decades) was open.”

In the years since, Tom believes Jekyll has only gotten better. “It’s remarkable what the state government—through the Jekyll Island Authority (JIA)—have done to protect and preserve the area,” he said. “There is so much untouched beauty, undeveloped land, and distinct character. I hope it stays this way.”

Tom also appreciates that Jekyll remains approachable and affordable for families. “From the beaches to the Historic District and everything in between, Jekyll has something for any age or budget to enjoy.”

Having said that, he does wish for more people to know the Island better. “I would love to see Jekyll become a destination for young people, especially youth golf, and I think value accommodations that fall between the campground and hotels—like the yurts the JIA are building—will help this happen,” he said.

He also believes amenities such as Mosaic, Jekyll Island Museum and the Georgia Sea Turtle Center have a greater capacity for youth and visitor education. “The outdoor classroom at Mosaic (under construction) and the (planned) renovations to the Turtle Center will be amazing opportunities to engage more schools and to raise the visibility of Jekyll to world-renowned for its conservation and preservation efforts.”

He cited a recent collaboration between the JIA, the Jekyll Island Foundation (JIF), and the Friends of Coastal Georgia History in the Island’s St. Andrews Beach Park as a successful example of this type of meaningful education, outreach, and impact. “The Wanderer Memory Trail is a very important exhibit, and it was done very well,” he said, speaking of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Slave Route Project site of memory that commemorates where The Wanderer, the second to last documented ship to bring an illegal cargo of people from Africa to the United States, ran aground.

An avid outdoorsman, retired business owner, and current Treasurer for JIF’s Board of Directors, Tom sees nothing but potential in Jekyll’s future and is proud, happy, and humbled to have borne witness and played a small part in its evolution. “I was around when the state was thinking of releasing the Island from its State Park designation and don’t like to imagine what might have happened [had revitalization not occurred].”

He applauds JIA for the forethought that has brought Jekyll to its current iteration and feels the state-wide representation on JIF’s Board will be a key support element in helping to protect and promote what the Island has to offer.

“Jekyll is so much more than its beaches,” he said. “I love what it means to—and about—Georgia. There’s just a charm here that exists nowhere else in the state.”

Tech Teaching Tools

Posted on | by Matthew Humphrey

by Nicole Thomas, GSTC Education Program Manager

As the Georgia Sea Turtle Center (GSTC) closes out its 15th anniversary year of education, rehabilitation, and research, the staff is looking forward in 2023. One of the Center’s goals this year is advancing ocean literacy through STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, & Math) education. Understanding how the ocean supports and connects all life is vitally important to how decisions are made. The functions of the ocean impact what consumers buy, where they live, and what they eat. Pairing knowledge and awareness about the scientific processes of the ocean with creative problem-solving and solution-driven modifications are foundational pieces to the puzzle of sea turtle conservation.

How are these connections made? It usually begins in the classroom on a school field trip. The GSTC’s educational programs are designed as introductions to STEAM concepts and how humans can all play a role as ocean stewards. In the classroom, a variety of teaching methods are utilized like hands-on exercises and inquiry-based group work.

But STEAM isn’t just for students. One tech tool GSTC educators utilize for almost every school group is the interactive whiteboard. The whiteboard allows educators and students to work collaboratively, maintaining a higher level of engagement. Teachers can pull up models and data, interact with maps, and play videos. Using technology like e-boards is one of the ways GSTC staff can make a big impact in the short amount of time spent with students during their visit.     

Not every class has the funds or flexibility to visit the GSTC in person, but with STEAM education, learning can happen beyond the entrance doors. Second through twelve grade and college students can visit the Center through Virtual Field Trips covering a variety of topics like threats, veterinary medicine, habitats, and adaptations. These online programs provide an up-close view of the science and engineering that goes into rescue and rehabilitation.

Ensuring state-of-the-art teaching tools are available makes the Georgia Sea Turtle Center’s educational programs unique, providing the opportunity to reach thousands of students each year. The Jekyll Island Foundation’s funding support of the Center’s education mission helps bring STEAM to life. To help support the Georgia Sea Turtle Center, click HERE. To learn more about the Jekyll Island Foundation, click HERE.

Sea Turtles Breaking Records

Posted on | by Matthew Humphrey

By Davide Zailo, Research Program Manager, Georgia Sea Turtle Center

The start of nesting sea-turtle activity began early this year on Jekyll Island. On April 28th, the Georgia Sea Turtle Center’s (GSTC) sea turtle patrol team was notified of mysterious large tracks spotted above the high tide line on Jekyll’s south end. Normally, the team begin its surveys for nesting sea turtles in May. Staff loaded equipment into the beach-ready UTVs, a necessary purchase made possible through funding provided by the Jekyll Island Foundation, and headed to the scene. Indeed, there were tracks left from the flippers and shell of an adult loggerhead sea turtle that had emerged around high tide the night before. She did not nest during this attempt, and it was characterized as a “false crawl”; however, it was a sign of an impending busy nesting season. In fact, Jekyll Island had the earliest recorded 2022 sea turtle nesting season activity for the entire state of Georgia.

From May to the end of October (or until the last known nests have hatched in Georgia), the GSTC Research Team, permitted by GDNR, patrols Jekyll Island’s beaches throughout the night to encounter as many nesting loggerhead sea turtles as possible. These night patrols allow the team to study females directly, collect nest data, and provide unforgettable experiences for guests attending nighttime Education programs. To ensure that nesting is not interrupted, researchers carefully watch emerging turtles from a distance until they start to lay eggs or begin returning to the water in the case of a “false crawl” to begin performing data collection. Every turtle is safely examined, measured, tagged, and have a skin collection taken for genetic analysis according to a flow-chart of data collection priorities. If a sample is not able to be safely collected we will wait and hope to encounter the animal again later in the season.

Each morning at 6 a.m., our Night Patrol team is replaced by a smaller Dawn Patrol team which covers Jekyll’s beaches to perform a daily check of each nest to document its progress throughout incubation and ensure it remains safe from unnecessary predation risk from species such as raccoons and foxes. Five days after hatching, the nest is carefully excavated to assess egg hatching success and collect other information.

The most common nesting sea turtle species, the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), can weigh upwards of 300 pounds and lay up to multiple clutches, or nests, of 100+ eggs in a single season. Some turtles will place all their nests on Jekyll Island whereas others will distribute them among multiple islands. Nesting females are at least 30-35 years old and are the drivers of population growth, recovery, and ultimately, persistence. Tallying nests allows researchers to estimate numbers of adult females and whether the loggerhead population is increasing, stable, or declining. This year turned out to be a record-breaking year here on Jekyll, throughout Georgia, and the rest of the southeastern United States. A potential indication that the rewards of conservation and management activities such as protection of nesting sites and reductions in capture and mortality of sea turtles by commercial fishing vessels 30+ years ago are finally becoming apparent. On Jekyll, the island recorded 234 sea turtle nests which produced 21,624 hatchlings. For comparison, in 2004, only 25 nests were counted on Jekyll’s beaches.

These efforts would not be possible without the generous support of the Jekyll Island Foundation and its donors, supporting the native wildlife and building towards a more sustainable future.

To support the ongoing work of the Georgia Sea Turtle Center, click HERE.

Meet Our Donors: Mike & Joy Cook

Posted on | by Matthew Humphrey

Mike and Joy Cook joke that they “almost” don’t want to tell anyone how special Jekyll Island is.

“That lets the secret out,” they said, smiling in unison.

As the now former educators—she a librarian, he a teacher—were contemplating where to sunset after their careers, Joy read something about the Georgia Sea Turtle Center (GSTC), which prompted their first visit to the Island.

“We wanted to do something in retirement that helped animals and the environment,” she said.

Jekyll’s beauty made an indelible impression on these beach-loving Florida transplants and protecting it is especially important to them. “We’re from Miami…and saw what happened there with the skyline covered in skyscrapers,” Mike said.

“Here the moss-covered trees are our skyscrapers,” said Joy, “and even the gas station blends into the landscape.”

Once they bought a house on Jekyll and settled in, they got busy volunteering. “Let me put it this way,” teased Mike, “we’re DINKs (dual income no kids) with cats.” They signed up for a class on how to get involved and found out the GSTC had a virtual education program for youth, which they then supported for several years. They also got to know the park ranger and helped with some of nature programs such as Gatorology, the history, biology and conservation efforts related to the American Alligator, and Ranger Walks, a bald eagle nest viewing tour.

These days, in addition to any volunteer activities, they can often be found contributing to the Golden Isle’s edutainment through their Native American flute performances.

“We’ve been playing for about 20 years,” said Mike. “Before that, I’d never played an instrument.” It was a trip out west that first introduced them to the unique musical genre. They started to build a CD collection at their previous home in Florida, went to a dedicated school for the instrument in North Carolina, and eventually brought their talents with them to the Georgia coast.

“We like to share the idea of the flute circle, which is to help one another,” said Joy, speaking about their opportunities to perform for people on and off the Island.

That esprit de corps is also on display several times a week while they lead a class for practitioners of Qigong, an exercise flow of coordinated body-posturing along with breathing and meditation that supports health and spirituality.

When asked what they hope for Jekyll’s future, both agree that striking the right balance between what humans want and the environment needs has to be an ongoing commitment.

“The (Jekyll Island) Foundation does a good job [assisting with funding for] restoration projects in the Historic District and around the Island, [that help to] keep things preserved,” said Mike.

When ‘selling’ Island visits to family and friends, they make sure to mention how “laid back and comfortable” the atmosphere is, how the beaches aren’t as crowded as some of the other coastal destinations, and, of course, all the attractions—the GSTC, Mosaic, Jekyll Island Museum, the great restaurants, fishing off the pier, Driftwood Beach (“a must see”), Horton Pond—as well as the trolley tours.

“Even as residents we love to go on the trolley tours,” said Joy. “Depending on the time of year, there’s always something new to learn about the Island.”

They are especially fond of the Christmas holidays. “The Island events are a lot of fun,” Mike said. “We’ve decorated the (golf) cart and driven in the parade around the Island looking at all the light displays.”

For Joy, the best light displays Jekyll has to offer come twice a day. “A dawn and at dusk,” she offers, “the colors of the sky are just breathtaking.”

Crawling into Nesting Season

Posted on | by Matthew Humphrey

With May 1st marking the official start of turtle nesting season along the Georgia coast, the Georgia Sea Turtle Center (GSTC) is already busy patrolling Jekyll Island’s causeway for diamondback terrapins and beaches for nesting sea turtles.

DIAMONDBACK TERRAPINS

The GSTC and Jekyll Island Foundation (JIF) donors have partnered for nearly 10 years in diamondback terrapin rescue, research, and implementation of various protection methods during nesting season. These efforts focus on decreasing terrapin road mortality rates. The GSTC’s diamondback terrapin patrol team routinely drive the causeway in search of nesting mamas crossing the road and inspecting nest boxes for similar signs. Recently, JIF and ANIMEX, a new partner, donated fencing materials that were installed on either side of the entrance to Jekyll’s causeway, adding one more component used to help decrease terrapin roadway mortality rates.

SEA TURTLES

And along the beaches these ancient reptiles emerge from the ocean to begin nesting as early as May. Fertile turtles crawl slowly to the dunes, enter a trance as their eggs drop into the sand, laying over 100 ping-pong ball-like eggs under the cover of darkness. Then, the GSTC Sea Turtle Patrol Team jumps into action gathering measurements, identification information, and ensuring the nest is protected from predators and human disturbances. The data collected helps inform local, regional, and international conservation efforts.

Jekyll Island visitors hoping to catch a glimpse of this once-in-a-lifetime experience can join GSTC educators under the stars by registering for an Evening Turtle Walk or Ride with Night Patrol on select nights in June and July. There’s no guarantee a nesting turtle will appear, but the evening promises to make the night memorable!

The GSTC hospital and patrol teams continue to work diligently to rescue and rehabilitate these gentler creatures. Investments of any size are welcome and appreciate. GIVE NOW.